As warmer months arrive and outdoor activities increase, it’s easy to soak up the sun without a second thought. But behind that golden tan lies a serious health risk that often goes overlooked: skin cancer. The most common form of cancer in the United States and worldwide, skin cancer is largely preventable—and one of its leading causes is unprotected sun exposure.

How Sun Exposure Leads to Skin Cancer

The sun emits ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which comes in two primary forms that affect the skin: UVA and UVB. Both types of rays can damage the DNA in skin cells. Over time, this DNA damage can cause cells to grow uncontrollably, leading to skin cancer.

There are three major types of skin cancer:

  1. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) – The most common form of skin cancer, usually appears as a small, pearly bump.
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) – May look like a red, scaly patch and can grow deeper if untreated.
  3. Melanoma – Much less common but is the most dangerous type, can develop from existing moles or appear as new, dark spots.  It is almost always curable in its early states but is likely to spread to other parts of the body when left untreated. You probably didn’t realize it, but experiencing five or more sunburns doubles your risk of developing melanoma.

Who Is at Risk?

While everyone is susceptible to skin cancer, certain factors increase your risk:

  • Fair skin, light eyes, and blond or red hair
  • History of sunburns, especially in childhood
  • Excessive sun exposure without protection
  • Use of tanning beds
  • Family or personal history of skin cancer
  • Living closer to the equator or at high altitudes

Early Warning Signs

Detecting skin cancer early can save your life. Use the ABCDE rule to evaluate moles or spots:

  • Asymmetry – one half of the mole does not match the other half.
  • Border irregularity – the edges of the mole are ragged or notched.
  • Color variation – the mole’s color is not the same all over.
  • Diameter larger than a pencil eraser – about one-fourth of an inch or bigger.
  • Evolving shape, size, or color – the mole’s appearance changes.

If you notice any of these signs, see a dermatologist promptly.

Prevention: Your Best Defense

Here are a few key steps to protect your skin:

  • Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) daily
  • Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or after swimming or sweating
  • Avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when UV rays are strongest
  • Wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and wide-brimmed hats
  • Never use tanning beds
  • Get regular skin checks, especially if you have risk factors

Conclusion

A little sunshine can boost your mood and vitamin D levels, but too much can be dangerous. Understanding the risks of sun exposure and taking steps to protect your skin can significantly reduce your chances of developing skin cancer. This summer, make sun safety a part of your daily routine—and encourage your loved ones to do the same.